OBJECTIVE: Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation trigger a global ischemia/reperfusion phenomenon, in which various inflammatory processes critically contribute to the ensuing tissue damage. Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that is released during shock. Activation of adenosine A(2A) receptors can broadly inactivate inflammatory cascades. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of A(2A) receptor activation on organ injury and inflammation in the setting of global ischemia/reperfusion elicited by trauma/hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. DESIGN: Prospective animal study with concurrent control. SETTING: Small animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: The rats were subjected to a laparotomy (trauma) and 90 mins of hemorrhagic shock or trauma/sham shock. The selective A(2A) receptor agonist CGS-21680 (2-p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino-5'-N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine; 0.5 mg/kg) or its vehicle was injected 30 mins before shock or immediately after resuscitation. At 3 hrs following resuscitation, animals were killed and tissue was harvested for analysis. Lung permeability and pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels were used to quantitate lung injury. Intestinal injury was determined by histologic analysis of terminal ileum. Red blood cell deformability was measured by a laser-assisted ektacytometer. In this assay, a decrease in the elongation index is a marker of decreased red blood cell deformability. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pretreatment with CGS-21680 protected the lung but not the gut against shock-induced injury and prevented the shock-induced decrease in red blood cell deformability. Posttreatment with CGS-21680 ameliorated shock-induced lung injury but failed to prevent gut injury and preserve red blood cell deformability. CONCLUSION: A(2A) receptor agonists may represent a novel therapeutic approach in preventing organ injury following trauma/hemorrhagic shock.
OBJECTIVE:Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation trigger a global ischemia/reperfusion phenomenon, in which various inflammatory processes critically contribute to the ensuing tissue damage. Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that is released during shock. Activation of adenosine A(2A) receptors can broadly inactivate inflammatory cascades. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of A(2A) receptor activation on organ injury and inflammation in the setting of global ischemia/reperfusion elicited by trauma/hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. DESIGN: Prospective animal study with concurrent control. SETTING: Small animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: The rats were subjected to a laparotomy (trauma) and 90 mins of hemorrhagic shock or trauma/sham shock. The selective A(2A) receptor agonist CGS-21680 (2-p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino-5'-N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine; 0.5 mg/kg) or its vehicle was injected 30 mins before shock or immediately after resuscitation. At 3 hrs following resuscitation, animals were killed and tissue was harvested for analysis. Lung permeability and pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels were used to quantitate lung injury. Intestinal injury was determined by histologic analysis of terminal ileum. Red blood cell deformability was measured by a laser-assisted ektacytometer. In this assay, a decrease in the elongation index is a marker of decreased red blood cell deformability. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pretreatment with CGS-21680 protected the lung but not the gut against shock-induced injury and prevented the shock-induced decrease in red blood cell deformability. Posttreatment with CGS-21680 ameliorated shock-induced lung injury but failed to prevent gut injury and preserve red blood cell deformability. CONCLUSION: A(2A) receptor agonists may represent a novel therapeutic approach in preventing organ injury following trauma/hemorrhagic shock.
Authors: Joyce N Gonzales; Boris Gorshkov; Matthew N Varn; Marina A Zemskova; Evgeny A Zemskov; Supriya Sridhar; Rudolf Lucas; Alexander D Verin Journal: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Date: 2014-01-10 Impact factor: 5.464
Authors: Angelo D'alessandro; Travis Nemkov; Hunter B Moore; Ernest E Moore; Matthew Wither; Trevor Nydam; Annie Slaughter; Christopher C Silliman; Anirban Banerjee; Kirk C Hansen Journal: Blood Transfus Date: 2016-04-22 Impact factor: 3.443
Authors: Balázs Koscsó; Alexey Trepakov; Balázs Csóka; Zoltán H Németh; Pál Pacher; Holger K Eltzschig; György Haskó Journal: Purinergic Signal Date: 2013-04-13 Impact factor: 3.765
Authors: L Antonioli; A El-Tayeb; C Pellegrini; M Fornai; O Awwad; G Giustarini; G Natale; L Ryskalin; Z H Németh; C E Müller; C Blandizzi; R Colucci Journal: Purinergic Signal Date: 2017-11-08 Impact factor: 3.765
Authors: Kara A Scheibner; Sada Boodoo; Samuel Collins; Katharine E Black; Yee Chan-Li; Paul Zarek; Jonathan D Powell; Maureen R Horton Journal: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Date: 2008-08-14 Impact factor: 6.914