Short bowel syndrome: recent clinical outcomes with growth hormone.

There has been recent clinical enthusiasm for treating short bowel patients with either human recombinant growth hormone alone or in combination with glutamine and diet in hopes of reducing their parenteral nutrition requirements. Part of this interest has been the result of studies done in short bowel animal models showing increased bowel growth and function following such treatment. Since 1995, 5 key clinical studies have been published in peer-reviewed literature reporting the effects of growth hormone alone or in combination with glutamine and diet in patients with short bowel syndrome. Three of these controlled studies have reported negative results, and 1 controlled and 1 uncontrolled study reported positive results. This review discusses each of these articles and provides some explanation on how these studies and results may have differed.