[Mother-child health and nutrition of Kaiowá and Guaraní indigenous children, Caarapó Reserve, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil].

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of indigenous children and to determine the conditions of mother-child health. A cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 137 children from 0 to 59 months of age from Kaiowá and Guarani indigenous communities, Caarapó Reserve, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Interviews were carried out using a questionnaire covering the conditions of mother-child health. Nutritional evaluation was performed using anthropometric measurements (weight and height). Results showed that 19.7% of mothers had not undergone prenatal examination and 53.3% had home births. Malnutrition in children was 18.2% and 34.1% for the weight/age and height/age indexes, respectively. The proportion of children with malnutrition, when separated by sex, age and education level of the mother, did not show a significant statistical difference for both indexes. This study documented a high occurrence of infant malnutrition and a worrisome mother-child health situation.