Jeffrey S Kahn1. 1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. Jeffrey.Kahn@yale.edu
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the past 2 years, at least three distinct human coronaviruses have been discovered, including the etiological agent associated with severe acquired respiratory syndrome (SARS). These recently discovered viruses, with the exception of the SARS associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are likely to be common respiratory viruses and may be responsible for a substantial proportion of respiratory tract disease. RECENT FINDINGS: The SARS-CoV first appeared in 2002 and spread rapidly around the globe. Although the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV may have been halted, the emergence of this new virus demonstrates the potential threat represented by species-to-species transmission of coronaviruses. NL63, initially isolated from a young child with lower respiratory tract disease, represents a group of newly described group I coronaviruses that have been identified worldwide, which are associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in young children. The distribution of HKU1, a newly identified group II coronavirus, is not yet established. NL63 and HKU1 are related to the common human coronaviruses 229E and OC43, respectively. SUMMARY: The discovery of at least three new human coronaviruses represents significant advances in the investigation of human respiratory tract disease. Further studies are required to fully define the impact of these new pathogens.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the past 2 years, at least three distinct human coronaviruses have been discovered, including the etiological agent associated with severe acquired respiratory syndrome (SARS). These recently discovered viruses, with the exception of the SARS associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are likely to be common respiratory viruses and may be responsible for a substantial proportion of respiratory tract disease. RECENT FINDINGS: The SARS-CoV first appeared in 2002 and spread rapidly around the globe. Although the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV may have been halted, the emergence of this new virus demonstrates the potential threat represented by species-to-species transmission of coronaviruses. NL63, initially isolated from a young child with lower respiratory tract disease, represents a group of newly described group I coronaviruses that have been identified worldwide, which are associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in young children. The distribution of HKU1, a newly identified group II coronavirus, is not yet established. NL63 and HKU1 are related to the common human coronaviruses 229E and OC43, respectively. SUMMARY: The discovery of at least three new human coronaviruses represents significant advances in the investigation of humanrespiratory tract disease. Further studies are required to fully define the impact of these new pathogens.
Authors: Emily G Severance; Ioannis Bossis; Faith B Dickerson; Cassie R Stallings; Andrea E Origoni; Anne Sullens; Robert H Yolken; Raphael P Viscidi Journal: Clin Vaccine Immunol Date: 2008-10-22
Authors: Olaoluwa Okusaga; Robert H Yolken; Patricia Langenberg; Manana Lapidus; Timothy A Arling; Faith B Dickerson; Debra A Scrandis; Emily Severance; Johanna A Cabassa; Theodora Balis; Teodor T Postolache Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2010-10-27 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Laura Jartti; Henriikka Langen; Maria Söderlund-Venermo; Tytti Vuorinen; Olli Ruuskanen; Tuomas Jartti Journal: Open Respir Med J Date: 2011-07-06
Authors: Emily G Severance; Faith B Dickerson; Raphael P Viscidi; Ioannis Bossis; Cassie R Stallings; Andrea E Origoni; Anne Sullens; Robert H Yolken Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2009-06-02 Impact factor: 9.306