Computation of color and brightness differences by rabbit visual cortex neurons.

Extracellular recording of the activity of 54 neurons in the rabbit visual cortex in responses to substitutions of eight colored and eight monochromatic stimuli in pairs was studied. Stimuli were uniform flashes of light displayed on an SVGA monitor and illuminated the whole retina. The responses of phasic neurons showed an initial discharge (50-90 msec from the moment of the change in stimulus), associated with the brightness or color difference between the stimuli. These "discrimination discharges" were used to construct an 8 x 8 matrix for each neuron, showing the mean number of spikes per sec in responses to changes in different pairs of stimuli. Processing of the matrix by factor analysis identified the major factors determining the axes of the sensory space. A brightness space with only two dimensions, with darkness and brightness orthogonal axes, was seen for 30% of neurons. A four-dimensional color space was seen in 22% of neurons, with two color and two achromatic axes. The sensory space of these neurons was similar to the spaces obtained by analyzing the early components of visual evoked potentials in rabbits induced by changes in color stimuli and behavioral operant responses in conditioned reflex color differentiation. The fundamental coincidence of the sensory spaces obtained by different methods identifies the general nature of the principle of vector coding and the existence of special neuronal mechanisms for detection of color and brightness differences in the visual field.