Constant and variable parts in the Balbiani ring 2 repeat unit and the translation termination region.

The large Balbiani rings of the chironomids produce giant internally repeated transcripts that are translated into silk-like proteins used for protective tubes. We have cloned fragments of the Balbiani ring 2 (BR2) gene of Chironomus pallidivittatus, normally the most prominent BR, for sequencing and restriction analysis. The results indicate a basic, tandemly arranged repeat unit of 198 bp, consisting of an invariant region of 102 bp followed by a variable region of 96 bp, the latter containing short internal tandem repeats. In the coding strand of both regions, there is a tendency to maximize adenine ( 40%) and minimize cytosine + thymidine (32-33%). Stringency in codon usage and absence of preference for third position nucleotide substitutions between homologous sequences suggest selection at the nucleotide level to be important. Both regions code for peptides rich in basic amino acids, but show distinct differences in other coding properties. The invariant region probably codes for a crystalline domain, and the variable region for a proline-rich, amorphous domain. One of the clones includes the 3' end of the translated region. Surrounding and following two stop codons is a sequence of four short palindromes. Furthermore, the first stop codon is part of a sequence reminiscent of a "TATA box". The possibilities are discussed that this area of the gene might be a target for regulatory molecules controlling translation termination and/or the expression of an overlapping cistron.