OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the introduction of HAART and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Incidence of IPD was determined from 1990 to 2003 in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals and a nested case-control study assessed risk factors of IPD. RESULTS: There were 72 cases over 19,020 person-years of follow-up (overall IPD rate, 379/100,000 person-years). In the calendar periods 1990-1995, 1995-1998, and 1998-2003, the IPD incidence per 100,000 person-years was 279 [95% confidence interval (CI), 150-519], 377 (95% CI, 227-625) and 410 (95% CI, 308-545), respectively (P = 0.516). CD4 cell count < 200 cells/microl [odds ratio (OR), 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2-7.6), HIV RNA > 50,000 copies/ml (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.5), hepatitis C (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.7-14.9), serum albumin (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.04-0.5), injection drug use in women (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.6-8.8), and education beyond high school (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05-0.8) were significantly associated with IPD in multivariate analysis. No treatment factor, including HAART (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3-1.5) and pneumococcal vaccination (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5-1.6), was associated with IPD. CONCLUSIONS: IPD incidence did not change significantly during the widespread dissemination of HAART in this cohort. IPD risk was associated with several sociodemographic and clinical factors.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the introduction of HAART and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in HIV-infectedpatients. METHODS: Incidence of IPD was determined from 1990 to 2003 in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals and a nested case-control study assessed risk factors of IPD. RESULTS: There were 72 cases over 19,020 person-years of follow-up (overall IPD rate, 379/100,000 person-years). In the calendar periods 1990-1995, 1995-1998, and 1998-2003, the IPD incidence per 100,000 person-years was 279 [95% confidence interval (CI), 150-519], 377 (95% CI, 227-625) and 410 (95% CI, 308-545), respectively (P = 0.516). CD4 cell count < 200 cells/microl [odds ratio (OR), 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2-7.6), HIV RNA > 50,000 copies/ml (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.5), hepatitis C (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.7-14.9), serum albumin (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.04-0.5), injection drug use in women (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.6-8.8), and education beyond high school (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05-0.8) were significantly associated with IPD in multivariate analysis. No treatment factor, including HAART (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3-1.5) and pneumococcal vaccination (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5-1.6), was associated with IPD. CONCLUSIONS: IPD incidence did not change significantly during the widespread dissemination of HAART in this cohort. IPD risk was associated with several sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Authors: Nancy F Crum-Cianflone; Katherine Huppler Hullsiek; Mollie Roediger; Anuradha Ganesan; Sugat Patel; Michael L Landrum; Amy Weintrob; Brian K Agan; Sheila Medina; Jeremy Rahkola; Braden R Hale; Edward N Janoff Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2010-10-01 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Fred M Gordin; Mollie P Roediger; Pierre-Marie Girard; Jens D Lundgren; Jose M Miro; Adrian Palfreeman; Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas; Marcelo J Wolff; Philippa J Easterbrook; Kate Clezy; Leonard N Slater Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2008-07-10 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Marta C Nunes; Anne von Gottberg; Linda de Gouveia; Cheryl Cohen; Locadiah Kuwanda; Alan S Karstaedt; Keith P Klugman; Shabir A Madhi Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-11-28 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Thomas G Johannesson; Ole S Søgaard; Martin Tolstrup; Mikkel S Petersen; Jens M Bernth-Jensen; Lars Østergaard; Christian Erikstrup Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-07-30 Impact factor: 3.240