OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the main components of both the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance and menopausal status in the menopausal transition. METHODS: A total of 124 healthy women were divided into four groups according to their menstrual status: the first group consisted of 35 women in menopausal transition with menstrual bleeding (MTM) and with cycles between 35 and 80 days; the second group was composed of 29 women in menopausal transition with 3-6 months of amenorrhea (MTA). The third group consisted of 31 postmenopausal women (PostM) and the fourth group of 29 premenopausal women (PreM) with regular cycles. The metabolic syndrome was evaluated following the ATP III criteria. Evaluation of insulin resistance was made through the HOMA, QUICKI and McAuley indices and the triglycerides/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio. RESULTS: The triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio increased in MTM, MTA and PostM women in comparison with PreM women. A slight decrease in the QUIKI index (p = 0.06) and a decrease in the McAuley index (p < 0.001) were observed in MTM, MTA and PostM women in comparison to PreM women. The relative frequencies of metabolic syndrome in the four groups were: PreM, 0%; MTM, 20%; MTA, 21%; and PostM, 22% (p = 0.0001). The most frequent markers of the metabolic syndrome were increased waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol levels and hypertension. Linear regression between menopausal status and metabolic syndrome was lost when age was added to the model. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of metabolic syndrome increased from the time of the menopausal transition to the postmenopause. Abdominal obesity was the most frequent feature observed. Nevertheless, aging erased the effect of the menopause on the metabolic syndrome. In order to prevent cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome must be evaluated from the time of the menopausal transition.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the main components of both the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance and menopausal status in the menopausal transition. METHODS: A total of 124 healthy women were divided into four groups according to their menstrual status: the first group consisted of 35 women in menopausal transition with menstrual bleeding (MTM) and with cycles between 35 and 80 days; the second group was composed of 29 women in menopausal transition with 3-6 months of amenorrhea (MTA). The third group consisted of 31 postmenopausal women (PostM) and the fourth group of 29 premenopausal women (PreM) with regular cycles. The metabolic syndrome was evaluated following the ATP III criteria. Evaluation of insulin resistance was made through the HOMA, QUICKI and McAuley indices and the triglycerides/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio. RESULTS: The triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio increased in MTM, MTA and PostM women in comparison with PreM women. A slight decrease in the QUIKI index (p = 0.06) and a decrease in the McAuley index (p < 0.001) were observed in MTM, MTA and PostM women in comparison to PreM women. The relative frequencies of metabolic syndrome in the four groups were: PreM, 0%; MTM, 20%; MTA, 21%; and PostM, 22% (p = 0.0001). The most frequent markers of the metabolic syndrome were increased waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol levels and hypertension. Linear regression between menopausal status and metabolic syndrome was lost when age was added to the model. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of metabolic syndrome increased from the time of the menopausal transition to the postmenopause. Abdominal obesity was the most frequent feature observed. Nevertheless, aging erased the effect of the menopause on the metabolic syndrome. In order to prevent cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome must be evaluated from the time of the menopausal transition.
Authors: Fernanda O Duarte; Camila do Valle Gomes-Gatto; Jorge C Oishi; Anderson Diogo de S Lino; Uliana S Stotzer; Maria Fernanda C Rodrigues; Guilherme H Gatti da Silva; Heloisa S Selistre-de-Araújo Journal: Int J Exp Pathol Date: 2017-09-08 Impact factor: 1.925
Authors: Conrad P Earnest; Neil M Johannsen; Damon L Swift; Carl J Lavie; Steven N Blair; Timothy S Church Journal: Am J Cardiol Date: 2013-04-08 Impact factor: 2.778
Authors: Gita D Mishra; Hsin-Fang Chung; Nirmala Pandeya; Annette J Dobson; Lee Jones; Nancy E Avis; Sybil L Crawford; Ellen B Gold; Daniel Brown; Lynette L Sievert; Eric Brunner; Janet E Cade; Victoria J Burley; Darren C Greenwood; Graham G Giles; Fiona Bruinsma; Alissa Goodman; Kunihiko Hayashi; Jung Su Lee; Hideki Mizunuma; Diana Kuh; Rachel Cooper; Rebecca Hardy; Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer; Kathryn A Lee; Mette Kildevæld Simonsen; Toyoko Yoshizawa; Nancy F Woods; Ellen S Mitchell; Mark Hamer; Panayotes Demakakos; Sven Sandin; Hans-Olov Adami; Elisabete Weiderpass; Debra Anderson Journal: Maturitas Date: 2016-08-04 Impact factor: 4.342