High-field ESR on aligned membranes: a simple method to record spectra from different membrane orientations in the magnetic field.

A combination of isopotential spin-dry ultracentrifugation (ISDU) and microtome techniques was used to facilitate the collection of high field/high frequency (170 GHz) ESR spectra corresponding to different orientations of the membrane normal relative to the magnetic field. This technique is particularly valuable for aligned biological samples in vitro. At 170 GHz, conventional sample preparation techniques based solely on ISDU constrained the sample to be oriented so that the membrane normal was parallel to the applied magnetic field due to the geometry and the millimeter wave field distribution of the Fabry-Pérot resonator used in these experiments. This orientational constraint limited the information that could be obtained from aligned membranes at high field. The combined ISDU/microtome technique overcame this limitation. Spectra from spin-labeled Gramicidin A and the spin label cholestane in aligned DPPC membranes provide a demonstration of the technique. We also discuss some virtues of high field/high frequency ESR on aligned membranes compared to X-band.