Reframing "prevention with positives": incorporating counseling techniques that improve the health of HIV-positive patients.

Federal HIV prevention strategy seeks to increase efforts by health care providers to identify and reduce their HIV-positive patients' transmission-related behaviors. Implementation of these recommendations will be hindered if providers perceive these efforts have the potential to harm their relationships with patients. Because transmission-related behaviors (unsafe sex and sharing needles) and the related issues of drug and alcohol use also jeopardize the health of HIV-positive patients, providers can use patient-centered counseling when addressing those behaviors. We suggest efforts to increase provider-delivered transmission-prevention counseling be reframed so that "prevention with positives" includes the goal of protecting HIV-positive patients' health. We review the specific consequences of these risky behaviors on HIV-positive patients' health and review brief counseling strategies appropriate for HIV care providers.