Caregiving by family and friends of adults receiving dialysis.

This study examined the activities of caregivers of adults on dialysis and explored how these behaviors evolved over time. Using a grounded theory methodology, interviews were conducted with 37 caregivers. Caregivers shared a rich repertoire of caregiving abilities and activities that were often supported by a strong knowledge base. Caregiving activities fell into in five interdependent dimensions: appraising, advocating, juggling, routinizing, and coaching. Caregivers also described specific caregiving tasks, including dialysis- related activities, management of diet, medications and symptoms, and personal care. These findings have important implications for nephrology nurses in planning care that acknowledges and supports the contributions of "lay" caregivers.