OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that the US socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer incidence is declining, with the decline most pronounced among racial/ethnic groups with the highest incidence rates. METHODS: We geocoded the invasive incident breast cancer cases for three US population-based cancer registries covering: Los Angeles County, CA (1978-1982, 1988-1992, 1998-2002; n = 68,762 cases), the San Francisco Bay Area, CA (1978-1982, 1988-1992, 1998-2002; n = 37,210 cases) and Massachusetts (1988-1992, 1998-2002; n = 48,111 cases), linked the records to census tract area-based socioeconomic measures, and, for each socioeconomic stratum, computed average annual breast cancer incidence rates for the 5-year period straddling the 1980, 1990, and 2000 census, overall and by race/ethnicity and gender. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that the socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer incidence is: (a) relatively small (at most 1.2) and stable among US white non-Hispanic and black women; (b) sharper and generally increasing among Hispanic and Asian and Pacific Islander American women; and (c) cannot be meaningfully analyzed without considering effect modification by race/ethnicity and immigration. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that secular changes in US socioeconomic gradients in breast cancer incidence exist and vary by race/ethnicity.
OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that the US socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer incidence is declining, with the decline most pronounced among racial/ethnic groups with the highest incidence rates. METHODS: We geocoded the invasive incident breast cancer cases for three US population-based cancer registries covering: Los Angeles County, CA (1978-1982, 1988-1992, 1998-2002; n = 68,762 cases), the San Francisco Bay Area, CA (1978-1982, 1988-1992, 1998-2002; n = 37,210 cases) and Massachusetts (1988-1992, 1998-2002; n = 48,111 cases), linked the records to census tract area-based socioeconomic measures, and, for each socioeconomic stratum, computed average annual breast cancer incidence rates for the 5-year period straddling the 1980, 1990, and 2000 census, overall and by race/ethnicity and gender. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that the socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer incidence is: (a) relatively small (at most 1.2) and stable among US white non-Hispanic and black women; (b) sharper and generally increasing among Hispanic and Asian and Pacific Islander American women; and (c) cannot be meaningfully analyzed without considering effect modification by race/ethnicity and immigration. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that secular changes in US socioeconomic gradients in breast cancer incidence exist and vary by race/ethnicity.
Authors: Shannon M Conroy; Christina A Clarke; Juan Yang; Salma Shariff-Marco; Yurii B Shvetsov; Song-Yi Park; Cheryl L Albright; Andrew Hertz; Kristine R Monroe; Laurence N Kolonel; Loïc Le Marchand; Lynne R Wilkens; Scarlett Lin Gomez; Iona Cheng Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2017-01-31 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Scarlett Lin Gomez; Sally L Glaser; Laura A McClure; Sarah J Shema; Melissa Kealey; Theresa H M Keegan; William A Satariano Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2011-02-12 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Theresa H M Keegan; Esther M John; Kari M Fish; Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp; Christina A Clarke; Scarlett L Gomez Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2010-05 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Amelia K Hausauer; Theresa H M Keegan; Ellen T Chang; Sally L Glaser; Holly Howe; Christina A Clarke Journal: BMC Med Date: 2009-06-26 Impact factor: 8.775