OBJECTIVE: A recent study suggested that risk of bladder cancer may be higher in women than in men who smoked comparable amounts of cigarettes. We pooled primary data from 14 case-control studies of bladder cancer from Europe and North America and evaluated differences in risk of smoking by gender. METHODS: The pooled analysis included 8316 cases (21% women) and 17,406 controls (28% women) aged 30-79 years. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for smoking were adjusted for age and study. Exposure-response was evaluated in a stratified analysis by gender and by generalized additive models. RESULTS: The odds ratios for current smokers compared to nonsmokers were 3.9 (95% CI 3.5-4.3) for males and 3.6 (3.1-4.1) for females. In 11 out of 14 studies, ORs were slightly higher in men. ORs for current smoking were similar for men (OR = 3.4) and women (OR = 3.7) in North America, while in Europe men (OR = 5.3) had higher ORs than women (OR = 3.9). ORs increased with duration and intensity in both genders and the exposure-response patterns were remarkably similar between genders. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that women have a higher relative risk of smoking-related bladder cancer than men.
OBJECTIVE: A recent study suggested that risk of bladder cancer may be higher in women than in men who smoked comparable amounts of cigarettes. We pooled primary data from 14 case-control studies of bladder cancer from Europe and North America and evaluated differences in risk of smoking by gender. METHODS: The pooled analysis included 8316 cases (21% women) and 17,406 controls (28% women) aged 30-79 years. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for smoking were adjusted for age and study. Exposure-response was evaluated in a stratified analysis by gender and by generalized additive models. RESULTS: The odds ratios for current smokers compared to nonsmokers were 3.9 (95% CI 3.5-4.3) for males and 3.6 (3.1-4.1) for females. In 11 out of 14 studies, ORs were slightly higher in men. ORs for current smoking were similar for men (OR = 3.4) and women (OR = 3.7) in North America, while in Europe men (OR = 5.3) had higher ORs than women (OR = 3.9). ORs increased with duration and intensity in both genders and the exposure-response patterns were remarkably similar between genders. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that women have a higher relative risk of smoking-related bladder cancer than men.
Authors: Jay H Lubin; Joshua Muscat; Mia M Gaudet; Andrew F Olshan; Maria Paula Curado; Luigino Dal Maso; Victor Wünsch-Filho; Erich M Sturgis; Neonilia Szeszenia-Dabrowska; Xavier Castellsague; Zuo-Feng Zhang; Elaine Smith; Leticia Fernandez; Elena Matos; Silvia Franceschi; Eleonora Fabianova; Peter Rudnai; Mark P Purdue; Dana Mates; Qingyi Wei; Rolando Herrero; Karl Kelsey; Hal Morgenstern; Oxana Shangina; Sergio Koifman; Jolanta Lissowska; Fabio Levi; Alexander W Daudt; Jose Eluf Neto; Chu Chen; Philip Lazarus; Deborah M Winn; Stephen M Schwartz; Paolo Boffetta; Paul Brennan; Ana Menezes; Carlo La Vecchia; Michael McClean; Renato Talamini; Thangarajan Rajkumar; Richard B Hayes; Mia Hashibe Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2011-07-09 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Neal D Freedman; Debra T Silverman; Albert R Hollenbeck; Arthur Schatzkin; Christian C Abnet Journal: JAMA Date: 2011-08-17 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Jaymie R Meliker; Melissa J Slotnick; Gillian A AvRuskin; David Schottenfeld; Geoffrey M Jacquez; Mark L Wilson; Pierre Goovaerts; Alfred Franzblau; Jerome O Nriagu Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2010-01-19 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Abdulmohsen H Al-Zalabani; Kelly F J Stewart; Anke Wesselius; Annemie M W J Schols; Maurice P Zeegers Journal: Eur J Epidemiol Date: 2016-03-21 Impact factor: 8.082