Effects of detergents on Ca(2+)-activated neural proteinase activity (calpain) in neural and non-neural tissue: a comparative study.

Calcium activated neutral proteinase (mcalpain) activity was determined in brain and other tissue of rat. More than 60% of the brain mcalpain activity was present in the particulate fraction while only 30% was in cytosol. In contrast, particulate fractions of liver, kidney, muscle, and heart contained about 8-12% of tissue mcalpain activity while 88% was present in cytosol. Removal of the endogenous inhibitor calpastatin increased the tissue mcalpain activity severalfold. Triton X-100 and deoxycholate (DOC) stimulated the neural calpain activity by ten-fold while activity in non-neural tissue was unaffected. Incubation with other detergents, e.g. Triton N-57 and thioglucopyranoside, stimulated brain calpain activity five-fold while Brij-35 did not have any effect. Sodiumdodecylsulphate (SDS), on the other hand, inhibited the enzyme activity. Brain contained the lowest calpain activity compared to non-neural tissue. The calpain activity in muscle, kidney and heart was three-fold greater than liver. Immunoblot identification of the enzyme revealed that calpain was predominantly in the particulate fraction and less in cytosol of brain while it was present mainly in cytosol and less in the pellet fractions of non-neural tissue.