Male infertility: no evidence of involvement of androgen receptor gene among Indian men.

Spermatogenesis is collaboratively controlled by testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone. Testosterone and its immediate metabolite dihydrotestosterone affect their roles through the androgen receptor (AR). Mutations in the AR gene have been shown to cause partial to complete androgen insensitivity or infertility in otherwise normal males. The dependence of germ cells upon Sertoli and Leydig cells for their differentiation into sperms and deletion studies of the AR gene in animal models indicate a direct or indirect role of the AR gene in spermatogenesis. Although a few studies worldwide have reported AR mutations in male infertility, no similar study has been conducted on Indian populations. Therefore, we undertook this study to look at the contribution of AR mutations in male infertility among Indian men. We have sequenced the complete coding region of the AR gene in a total of 399 infertile samples, comprising 277 azoospermic, 100 oligozoospermic, and 22 oligoteratozoospermic samples. A total of 100 healthy males with proven fertility and the same ethnicity as the experimental group served as controls. Sequence analysis revealed no mutation in any of these samples. Our study suggests that mutations in the AR gene are less likely to cause azoospermia and oligozoospermia; however, it was difficult to rule out its effect in oligoteratozoospermia, as the sample size was small.