Inverse dynamics calculations during gait with restricted ground reaction force information from pressure insoles.

The number of consecutive strides that can be recorded in measurements of gait have been limited due to the number of force plates and dimensions of the measurement field. In addition, the feet are constrained to land on the force plates. A method to calculate the inverse dynamics from the motion and incomplete information from the ground reaction forces (GRF), vertical component and its application point, is presented and compared to the calculations based on force plate measurements. This method is based on the estimation of the three-dimensional GRF during walking with pressure insoles. RMS errors were lower than 20 W for knee joint power compared to those derived from force plate measurements. The errors were larger during double stance phase due to errors in the application point measured with the insoles. This method, with some technical improvement, could be implemented in new gait analysis protocols measuring several consecutive steps either on a treadmill or over ground, depending on the motion-measurement system, without constraining foot placement.