[Diseases of civilization from the aspect of evolution of the human diet].

The authors discuss contemporary views regarding the causes of diseases of civilization which developed on an epidemic scale in industrial societies during the last 60-70 years. They are due to the immense changes of lifestyle adopted by these societies. On the whole this lifestyle is a marked deviation from optimal conditions for humans. The genetic equipment of man which determines the evolutional advantages and function of different metabolic processes which ensure the homeostasis of the healthy organism is conservative and is entirely adapted to the human genome which developed in the course of hundreds of thousands of years. The aim of preventive medicine is to analyze, point out and enforce diminution of the effect of risk factors, as an important way towards improvement of the general health status of the population.