Developmental expression of insulin-regulatable glucose transporter GLUT-4.

The insulin-regulatable glucose transporter (GLUT-4) is expressed in adipose tissue and in cardiac and skeletal muscle (D. E. James, R. Brown, J. Navarro, and P. F. Pilch. Nature Lond. 333: 183-185, 1988). We examined GLUT-4 development between postnatal days 1 and 41 (P1-P41) in male and female rats in these tissues by quantitative immunoblotting. GLUT-4 was detectable in each tissue at comparable levels at P1. However, the subsequent patterns of GLUT-4 development were distinctive. GLUT-4 increased in the diaphragm after P7, peaked at P20, and then declined. GLUT-4 expression in the heart increased rapidly after P7 to plateau on P41 at levels four times greater than the diaphragm. In sharp contrast, adipose tissue expression was highest between P3 and P5 but declined to a nadir at P20 before rebounding at P34. These patterns were observed for both sexes within each tissue, but female GLUT-4 expression was higher in diaphragm and heart and lower in adipose tissue. The expression of GLUT-4 appears to be regulated in a tissue-specific manner by a developmental program that may coordinate the expression of other proteins of metabolic importance.