Eaf3 chromodomain interaction with methylated H3-K36 links histone deacetylation to Pol II elongation.

Eaf3, a component of the NuA4 histone acetylase and Rpd3 histone deacetylase complexes, is important for the global pattern of histone acetylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Preferential deacetylation of coding regions requires the Eaf3 chromodomain and H3-K36 methylation by Set2. The Eaf3 chromodomain interacts with methylated H3-K36 peptides, suggesting that this interaction leads to preferential association and histone deacetylation of the 3' portions of coding regions by the Rpd3 complex. However, the Eaf3 chromodomain and H3-K36 methylation do not significantly affect acetylation at promoters, suggesting that Eaf3 has a distinct function, presumably in the NuA4 complex. Lastly, Eaf3 inhibits internal initiation within mRNA coding regions in a manner similar to FACT and Spt6. Our results link the pattern of preferential deacetylation at coding regions to the underlying patterns of H3-K36 methylation and phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain, and ultimately to the mechanism by which repressive chromatin structure is restored after transcriptional elongation.