Determinants of outcome in childhood epilepsy.

Possible outcomes with regard to seizures include remission (i.e. no seizures without drug treatment), conditional remission (i.e. no seizures under treatment) and treatment resistance. Several factors have been identified which are associated with favourable or unfavourable outcomes. These include syndrome diagnosis (benign vs severe epilepsy syndromes), seizure types (kind and number), severity of epilepsy, response to treatment (immediate vs delayed, monotherapy vs combinations), and concomitant neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the quality of disease management by caretakers also has an important influence on the outcome. To determine full remission in patients who are seizure-free with treatment, antiepileptic drugs need to be tapered; generally speaking, this seems to be less risky in children than in adults. However, even if remission without treatment has been reached, an elevated risk of seizures may persist compared with that of the general population. The outcome of epilepsy should not be considered with respect to seizures alone, but should also include more global aspects of performance and quality of life. These may depend on the causes of epilepsy as much as, or more than, on the seizure disorder itself, but may also be related to treatment.