Utilization of psychotherapy in patients with personality disorder: the impact of gender, character traits, affect regulation, and quality of object-relations.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to generate hypotheses for examining gender differences in variables with predictive value for the utilization of psychotherapy in patients with personality disorders (PDs).
DESIGN: Personality traits, affect experience and regulation, the quality of object relations and interpersonal problems within the process of psychotherapy planning were assessed in 140 psychiatric outpatients.
METHODS: Besides the structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV I+II, variables were assessed with the Shedler-Westen assessment procedure (SWAP-200), the affect regulation and experience Q sort (AREQ), the quality of object-relations scale (QORS), and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Correlation and group difference statistics, regression and canonical correlation analysis were performed.
RESULTS: Predictors concerning the utilization or non-utilization of psychotherapy were a schizoid PD rating a self-report of subassertive behaviour related to interpersonal problems in women, and a narcissistic PD rating in men. Canonical correlations between predictors and quality of object relations or interpersonal problems were found in women, while in men there was merely a tendency for predictor and affect regulation to be related.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that for men it is more important to interpret the dominating affect, while for women, understanding the pathological object relation pattern is useful for successful therapy planning.