Binge eating disorder: current knowledge and future directions.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a newly characterized eating disorder that encompasses individuals who have severe distress and dysfunction due to binge eating, but who do not regularly engage in inappropriate compensatory behaviors. While relatively uncommon in the general community, BED becomes more prevalent with increasing severity of obesity. BED is associated with early onset of obesity, frequent weight cycling, body shape disparagement, and psychiatric disorders. These associations occur independent of the degree of obesity. Although many individuals with BED have good short-term weight loss regardless of treatment modality, as a group they may be prone to greater attrition during weight-loss treatment and more rapid regain of lost weight. Current treatments geared toward binge eating behaviors include antidepressant medications, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy; however, these treatments have little efficacy in promoting weight loss, and only modest success in long-term reduction of binge eating. As a significant proportion of obese individuals entering weight-loss treatment and research programs are likely to meet criteria for BED, those conducting clinical research should be aware of this distinct subgroup and determine the contribution of BED to outcome measures.