Molecular monitoring of wine fermentations conducted by active dry yeast strains.

A simple and rapid method of yeast strain characterization based on mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis was applied to the control of wine fermentations conducted by active dry yeast strains. This molecular approach allows us to understand several important aspects of this process, such as the role of the active dry yeast strain and that of the natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae flora during vinification. In this paper, we demonstrate that the inoculated strain is really responsible for the fermentation but does not suppress significant development of natural strains during the first stages. During this early period, natural strains could have important effects on wine flavor.