Production and Characteristics of Avicel-Disintegrating Endoglucanase from a Protease-Negative Humicola grisea var. thermoidea Mutant.

Mutational experiments were performed to decrease the protease productivity of Humicola grisea var. thermoidea YH-78 using UV light and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. A protease-negative mutant, no. 140, exhibited higher endoglucanase activity than the parent strain in mold bran culture at 50 degrees C for 4 days. The culture extract rapidly disintegrated filter paper but produced a small amount of reducing sugar. About 30% of total endoglucanase activity in the extract was adsorbed onto Avicel. The electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of Avicel-adsorbable endoglucanase (molecular weight, 128,000) showed intensive filter-paper-disintegrating activity but did not release reducing sugar. The preparation also exhibited a highly synergistic effect with the cellulase preparation from Trichoderma reesei in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. This endoglucanase was observed via scanning electron microscopy to disintegrate Avicel fibrils layer by layer from the surface, yielding thin sections with exposed chain ends. A mutant, no. 191, producing higher protease activity and an Avicel-unadsorbable, Avicel-nondisintegrating endoglucanase was isolated. The purified enzyme (molecular weight, 63,000) showed no disintegrating activity on filter paper and Avicel and a less synergistic effect with the T. reesei cellulase in hydrolyzing microcrystalline cellulose than did the former enzyme. Endoglucanase was therefore divided into two types, Avicel disintegrating and Avicel nondisintegrating.