Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on growth and respiration of heterotrophic marine bacteria.

A number of marine bacterial isolates from both near-shore and open-ocean environments were tested for growth inhibition with exposure to low concentrations (1 to 100 mug/liter) of Aroclor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Of over 17 bacterial cultures tested, growth of only two open-ocean isolates, one a pseudomonad and the other a tetrad-forming coccus, was consistently inhibited by Aroclor at concentrations as low as 10 mug/liter (10 ppb). Growth inhibition was dose dependent over a concentration range of 10 to 100 mug/liter. The effects upon division rates and final cell yields of each bacterial isolate were greatest when PCBs were added to cultures with low cell densities or with lower specific growth rates. The pseudomonad also had reduced carotenoid levels and an altered filamentous morphology with Aroclor present at a concentration of 10 mug/liter, or more. The effects noted were reversible for at least 18 h after initial exposure. Concentrations of Aroclor in excess of those needed to stop growth had no detectable effect upon the respiration rate of cells of either culture. This suggests that the reduced division rates observed were not due to inability of PCB-treated cells to transport or catabolize the carbohydrate or amino acid substrates tested.