Effect of dietary energy on performance and egg composition of Bovans White and Dekalb White hens during phase I.

A 4 x 2 factorial experiment with 4 dietary energy levels (2,719, 2,798, 2,877, and 2,959 kcal of ME/ kg) and 2 strains (Bovans White and Dekalb White) was conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy on reproductive performance, egg composition, and profits of 2 strains of commercial Leghorns. This experiment lasted 16 wk. Bovans White hens (n = 768) and Dekalb White hens (n = 768) in phase I (21 wk of age) were randomly assigned into 8 treatments (16 replicates of 12 birds/treatment). Bovans White had significantly higher feed intake, egg production, egg mass, body weight, percentage egg yolk, and yolk/albumen ratio than Dekalb White. Bovans White had significantly lower feed conversion, egg weight, egg specific gravity, percentage of albumen weight, percentage of shell weight, and Haugh unit than Dekalb White. When dietary energy increased from 2,719 to 2,956 kcal of ME/kg, hens adjusted feed intake from 107.6 to 101.1 g/hen per day to achieve a constant energy intake so that the same amount of dietary energy (5.8 kcal) was used to produce 1 g of egg. Increasing dietary energy by the addition of poultry oil increased early egg weight, which was mostly due to increased yolk weight. Increasing dietary energy by addition of poultry oil significantly decreased feed conversion and egg specific gravity but had no effect on egg production, egg mass, body weight, or mortality. Increasing dietary energy by addition of poultry oil to a ratio of 282 kcal of ME/g lysine maximized egg weight during phase I. The energy per lysine ratio required for optimal profits varied with egg price and feed ingredient prices, which were variable.