The impact of rice plant roots on the reducing conditions in flooded rice soils.

The impact of oxygen diffusion from plant roots on the soil redox in the root zone in flooded rice bays was investigated using two Australian rice growing soils. The rates of production of Fe(II) and Mn(II) in pore water resulting from the reduction of soil minerals was used to gauge the extent of development of anaerobic conditions and the time taken for equilibrium to establish. Soil concentrations of readily reducible Fe were 13-28 times greater than Mn, making Fe a more reliable indicator of redox conditions than Mn. In addition, Mn(II) concentrations reached equilibrium far more rapidly than Fe, which made the identification of any contribution to soil redox by oxygen diffusing from rice plant roots difficult to observe. Dissection of soil cores showed that more than 80% of the rice root mass occurred in the top 4 cm of soil, suggesting that any contribution roots may make to the redox potential of the flooded soils would occur in this region. However, studies conducted indicated that the diffusion of oxygen from the surface floodwater into soil pore water in the 2.5 cm layer of soil was so substantial that it would mask any contribution made by rice plant roots to the overall soil redox in this root zone.