An analysis of thyroid function diagnosis using Bayesian-type and SOM-type neural networks.

Thyroid function diagnosis is an important classification problem, and we made reanalysis of the human thyroid data, which had been analyzed by the multivariate analysis, by the two notable neural networks. One is the self-organizing map approach which clusters the patients and displays visually a characteristic of the distribution according to laboratory tests. We found that self-organizing map (SOM) consists of three well separated clusters corresponding to hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and normal, and more detailed information for patients is obtained from the position in the map. Besides, the missing value SOM which we had introduced to investigate QSAR problem turned out to be also useful in treating such classification problem. We estimated the classification rates of thyroid disease using Bayesian regularized neural network (BRNN) and found that its prediction accuracy is better than multivariate analysis. Automatic relevance determination (ARD) method of BRNN was surely verified to be effective by the direct calculation of classification rates using BRNN without ARD for all possible combinations of laboratory tests.