OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH). DESIGN: A population-based case-control study was carried out by using the network created in Italy for the National Register of Infants with CH. METHODS: Four controls were enrolled for each new CH infant; 173 cases and 690 controls were enrolled in 4 years. In order to distinguish among risk factors for permanent and transient CH, diagnosis was re-evaluated 3 years after enrollment when there was a suspicion of transient CH being present. Familial, maternal, neonatal and environmental influences were investigated. RESULTS: An increased risk for permanent CH was detected in twins by a multivariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 12.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-62.3). A statistically significant association with additional birth defects, female gender and gestational age >40 weeks was also confirmed. Although not significant, an increased risk of CH was observed among infants with a family history of thyroid diseases among parents (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 0.7-5.2). Maternal diabetes was also found to be slightly associated with permanent CH (OR = 15.7, 95% CI: 0.9-523) in infants who were large for gestational age. With regard to transient CH, intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery were independent risk factors for this form of CH. CONCLUSION: This study showed that many risk factors contribute to the aetiology of CH. In particular, our results suggested a multifactorial origin of CH in which genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of the disease.
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH). DESIGN: A population-based case-control study was carried out by using the network created in Italy for the National Register of Infants with CH. METHODS: Four controls were enrolled for each new CH infant; 173 cases and 690 controls were enrolled in 4 years. In order to distinguish among risk factors for permanent and transient CH, diagnosis was re-evaluated 3 years after enrollment when there was a suspicion of transient CH being present. Familial, maternal, neonatal and environmental influences were investigated. RESULTS: An increased risk for permanent CH was detected in twins by a multivariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 12.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-62.3). A statistically significant association with additional birth defects, female gender and gestational age >40 weeks was also confirmed. Although not significant, an increased risk of CH was observed among infants with a family history of thyroid diseases among parents (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 0.7-5.2). Maternal diabetes was also found to be slightly associated with permanent CH (OR = 15.7, 95% CI: 0.9-523) in infants who were large for gestational age. With regard to transient CH, intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery were independent risk factors for this form of CH. CONCLUSION: This study showed that many risk factors contribute to the aetiology of CH. In particular, our results suggested a multifactorial origin of CH in which genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of the disease.
Authors: Stuart K Shapira; Cynthia F Hinton; Patrice K Held; Elizabeth Jones; W Harry Hannon; Jelili Ojodu Journal: Mol Genet Metab Date: 2015-08-11 Impact factor: 4.797
Authors: Mark S Pearce; Richard J Q McNally; Julie Day; S Murthy Korada; Steve Turner; Tim D Cheetham Journal: Eur J Epidemiol Date: 2011-04-08 Impact factor: 8.082
Authors: Marcus M Cranston; Margaret Ak Ryan; Tyler C Smith; Carter J Sevick; Stephanie K Brodine Journal: BMC Endocr Disord Date: 2010-02-01 Impact factor: 2.763
Authors: A Cassio; C Corbetta; I Antonozzi; F Calaciura; U Caruso; G Cesaretti; R Gastaldi; E Medda; F Mosca; E Pasquini; M C Salerno; V Stoppioni; M Tonacchera; G Weber; A Olivieri Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2013-02-12 Impact factor: 4.256