Reactive oxygen species and redox-regulation of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise.

Skeletal muscle has been shown to generate a complex set of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) both at rest and during contractile activity. The primary ROS generated are superoxide and nitric oxide and the pattern and magnitude of their generation is influenced by the nature of the contractile activity. It is increasingly clear that the ROS generated by skeletal muscle play an important role in influencing redox-regulated processes that control, at least some of, the adaptive responses to contractile activity. These processes are also recognized to be modified during ageing and in some disease states, providing the potential that interventions affecting ROS activity may influence muscle function or viability in these situations.