OBJECTIVES: An adequate description of the trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not available for most of the developing world. Cuba provides an important exception, and we sought to use available data to offer insights into the changing patterns of CVD there. METHODS: We reviewed Cuban public health statistics, surveys, and reports of health services. RESULTS: CVD has been the leading cause of death since 1970. A 45% reduction in heart disease deaths was observed from 1970 to 2002; the decline in stroke was more limited. There are moderate prevalences of all major risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The Cuban medical care system has responded vigorously to the challenge of CVD; levels of control of hypertension are the highest in the world. Nonindustrialized countries can decisively control CVD.
OBJECTIVES: An adequate description of the trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not available for most of the developing world. Cuba provides an important exception, and we sought to use available data to offer insights into the changing patterns of CVD there. METHODS: We reviewed Cuban public health statistics, surveys, and reports of health services. RESULTS: CVD has been the leading cause of death since 1970. A 45% reduction in heart disease deaths was observed from 1970 to 2002; the decline in stroke was more limited. There are moderate prevalences of all major risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The Cuban medical care system has responded vigorously to the challenge of CVD; levels of control of hypertension are the highest in the world. Nonindustrialized countries can decisively control CVD.
Authors: Pedro Ordunez; Jose Luis Bernal Munoz; Alfredo Espinosa-Brito; Luis Carlos Silva; Richard S Cooper Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2005-07-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: R Cooper; J Cutler; P Desvigne-Nickens; S P Fortmann; L Friedman; R Havlik; G Hogelin; J Marler; P McGovern; G Morosco; L Mosca; T Pearson; J Stamler; D Stryer; T Thom Journal: Circulation Date: 2000-12-19 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Katharina Wolf-Maier; Richard S Cooper; José R Banegas; Simona Giampaoli; Hans-Werner Hense; Michel Joffres; Mika Kastarinen; Neil Poulter; Paola Primatesta; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo; Birgitta Stegmayr; Michael Thamm; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Diego Vanuzzo; Fenicia Vescio Journal: JAMA Date: 2003-05-14 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Noni E Macdonald; Beth Halperin; Enrique Beldarrain Chaple; Jeff Scott; John M Kirk Journal: Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol Date: 2006-07 Impact factor: 2.471
Authors: Pedro Ordúñez; Jay S Kaufman; Mikhail Benet; Alain Morejon; Luis C Silva; David A Shoham; Richard S Cooper Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2013-02-24 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Jianxing Yu; Yonghui Ma; Sen Yang; Kai Pang; Yaqin Yu; Yuchun Tao; Lina Jin Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2015-12-23 Impact factor: 3.390