Carspecken's five-stage critical qualitative research method: an application to nursing research.

In this article, the authors provide an account of Carspecken's (1996) five-stage approach to "doing" critical ethnography, or what he has termed critical qualitative research (CQR). They provide the reader with an overview of the concepts presented in Carspecken's book Critical Ethnography in Educational Research and describe how they applied several of his ideas within a research project that explored renal nurses' decision making using a critical ethnographic approach. They briefly describe the five stages of CQR and incorporate within the article an example of how they applied the stages. They propose this approach as a useful method for nursing and other health-related research.