Role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in current treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) has been established as an effective consolidation therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first or subsequent remission. Although it effectively prevents relapse, treatment-related mortality (TRM) associated with alloSCT may compromise that beneficial effect. As a result, alloSCT may be restricted to patients with a relatively high risk of relapse. Here, we review studies that identify categories of AML patients who may specifically benefit from alloSCT. In addition, we discuss recent developments with respect to alternative donors, stem cell sources, and supportive care. Finally, we highlight recent results obtained with reduced-intensity alloSCT, which already significantly influence our therapeutic strategy in elderly patients with AML.