Epilepsy and migraine: The dopamine hypotheses.

Migraine and epilepsy are both chronic recurrent disorders with paroxysmal attacks. They also share some similar risk factors, symptoms, and preventive medications. Dopamine has long been postulated to be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine and epileptogenesis, by many supporting evidences. However, the role of dopamine is still controversial till now. A lack of a comprehensive hypothetical model may be one of the reasons. "Dopamine hypothesis" is not a new term, but it is proposed to explain the pathophysiology and the associated phenomena of these disorders. The hypotheses suggest that, in migraine, there is a low dopamine tone, while there is a high state of dopamine in generalized epilepsy. But the periodic attacks of headaches and seizures maybe both due to a fall in dopamine activity. Dopamine therefore plays a key role in the linkage of neuroendocrine, autonomic system and neuronal activity. Dopamine agonist is also implied in prophylaxis and neuroprotection in both disorders.