Cloning and characterization of wheat PDI (protein disulfide isomerase) homoeologous genes and promoter sequences.

The genomic and cDNA sequences of three PDI homoeologous genes located on chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D of bread wheat and their promoters were cloned and sequenced. The three sequences showed a very high conservation of the coding region and of the exon/intron structure, which consisted of ten exons. The comparison of wheat sequences with those of rice and Arabidopsis showed a significant conservation of the exon/intron structure across the three species. The expression of each gene was analysed by RT-PCR in different plant tissues (roots, coleoptiles, spikelets, leaves and developing caryopses). All the genes showed a higher expression in developing caryopses than in other analysed tissues, wherein some differences were detected. The promoter sequences of the three genes possessed some regulatory motifs typical of endosperm specific expression.