Molecular epidemiology of emergent multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium strains carrying the virulence resistance plasmid pUO-StVR2.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of a distinct multidrug-resistant (MDR) grouping of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strains carrying the hybrid virulence resistance plasmid pUO-StVR2, and its possible evolution in the region where it was first detected [Principality of Asturias (PA), Spain].
METHODS: pUO-StVR2-containing isolates were tentatively identified by two genetic markers: the bla(OXA-30) gene and the class 1 integron InH:2000 bp/bla(OXA-30)-aadA1a. Positive isolates were examined for resistance profile (RP), plasmid content, virulence profile (VP) and genomic polymorphisms using macrorestriction-PFGE.
RESULTS: A total of 182 out of 248 Typhimurium clinical isolates recorded in the PA over 2001-02 were ampicillin-resistant and could be distributed into several MDR groupings. A MDR grouping carrying pUO-StVR2, with a defined RP (AMP/bla(OXA-30), CHL/catA1, [STR-SPT]/[strA/B,aadA1a], SUL/[sul1,sul2], TET/tet(B), qacEDelta1, merA, +/-TMP/dfrA12, and containing InH), was represented by 49 isolates. The VPs of these isolates (24 genes screened) differed from that of the type strain LT2 by the absence of the sopE1 and pef genes. Macrorestriction analysis established six combined XbaI/BlnI PFGE profiles, and supported a clonal relationship among most of the isolates.
CONCLUSIONS: During 2001-02, the isolates carrying pUO-StVR2 constituted the second most frequent S. Typhimurium MDR grouping recorded in the PA, preceded only by the pandemic pentaresistant DT104. Polymorphisms on the genomic DNA, different phage types, different plasmid profiles and the detection of trimethoprim resistance in one isolate encoded by an additional plasmid, were consistent with both intra-cluster evolution and horizontal transfer of the hybrid plasmid.