Trey Hedden1, John D E Gabrieli. 1. Stanford University, Stanford, California, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. hedden@psych.stanford.edu
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent research has revealed that the population of older adults is composed not only of individuals who are either healthy or have an age-related disease, most commonly Alzheimer's disease, but also individuals with mild cognitive impairment who are at-risk for or already in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease. These variations in cognitive aging can be related to their neural bases via structural and functional neuroimaging methods. RECENT FINDINGS: Healthy aging appears to primarily affect a frontal-striatal system that undergirds executive control of cognition, while minimally affecting medial temporal lobe structures. Functional imaging studies suggest that enhanced prefrontal engagement may offer compensatory plasticity that minimizes age-related cognitive losses. Mild cognitive impairment appears to affect the entorhinal cortex in particular, with functional consequences in other brain regions. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by severe hippocampal injury, although early-stage Alzheimer's disease may relatively spare some cortical regions. SUMMARY: Advances in in-vivo imaging methods are providing the tools for identifying different trajectories of neurocognitive aging, and knowledge about these brain changes may promote opportunities for treatment.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent research has revealed that the population of older adults is composed not only of individuals who are either healthy or have an age-related disease, most commonly Alzheimer's disease, but also individuals with mild cognitive impairment who are at-risk for or already in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease. These variations in cognitive aging can be related to their neural bases via structural and functional neuroimaging methods. RECENT FINDINGS: Healthy aging appears to primarily affect a frontal-striatal system that undergirds executive control of cognition, while minimally affecting medial temporal lobe structures. Functional imaging studies suggest that enhanced prefrontal engagement may offer compensatory plasticity that minimizes age-related cognitive losses. Mild cognitive impairment appears to affect the entorhinal cortex in particular, with functional consequences in other brain regions. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by severe hippocampal injury, although early-stage Alzheimer's disease may relatively spare some cortical regions. SUMMARY: Advances in in-vivo imaging methods are providing the tools for identifying different trajectories of neurocognitive aging, and knowledge about these brain changes may promote opportunities for treatment.
Authors: Ilana J Bennett; David J Madden; Chandan J Vaidya; James H Howard; Darlene V Howard Journal: Neurobiol Aging Date: 2010-05-07 Impact factor: 4.673
Authors: Michela Gallagher; Carlo Colantuoni; Howard Eichenbaum; Rebecca P Haberman; Peter R Rapp; Heikki Tanila; Iain A Wilson Journal: Age (Dordr) Date: 2006-11-25
Authors: Michael A Yassa; Joyce W Lacy; Shauna M Stark; Marilyn S Albert; Michela Gallagher; Craig E L Stark Journal: Hippocampus Date: 2010-05-20 Impact factor: 3.899
Authors: Ilana J Bennett; David J Madden; Chandan J Vaidya; Darlene V Howard; James H Howard Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2010-03 Impact factor: 5.038
Authors: Joseph B Keller; Trey Hedden; Todd W Thompson; Sheeba A Anteraper; John D E Gabrieli; Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli Journal: Cortex Date: 2014-12-13 Impact factor: 4.027
Authors: Mariana Pehar; Kenneth J O'Riordan; Melissa Burns-Cusato; Matthew E Andrzejewski; Carlos Gil del Alcazar; Corinna Burger; Heidi Scrable; Luigi Puglielli Journal: Aging Cell Date: 2010-04 Impact factor: 9.304