Testing the utility of rationally engineered recombinant collagen-like proteins for applications in tissue engineering.

Collagens are attractive proteins as materials for tissue engineering. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in developing technologies for large-scale production of native-like human recombinant collagens. Yet, the rational design of customized collagen-like proteins for smart biomaterials to enhance the quality of engineered tissues has not been explored. We mapped the D4 domain of human collagen II as most critical for supporting migration of chondrocytes and used this information to genetically engineer a collagen-like protein consisting of tandem repeats of the D4 domain (mD4 collagen). This novel collagen has been utilized to fabricate a scaffold for support of chondrocytes. We determined superior qualities of cartilaginous constructs created by chondrocytes cultured in scaffolds containing the mD4 collagen in comparison to those formed by chondrocytes cultured in bare scaffolds or those coated with wild-type collagen II. Our results are a first attempt to rationally engineer collagen-like proteins with characteristics tailored for specific needs of cartilage engineering and provide a basis for rational engineering of similar proteins for a variety of biomedical applications. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.