Analysis of genetic variations in the exon 27 region of the canine BRCA2 locus.

Mammary tumors are the most common tumor type in women as well as in female dogs. The BRCA2 gene encodes a large nuclear protein that is involved in DNA repair, and mutations in the human BRCA2 confer an increased risk of female mammary tumors. The BRCA2 protein acts as a tumor suppressor, and inactivation of BRCA2 by loss of heterozygosity is implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. In this study, to establish an appropriate polymorphic marker for loss of heterozygosity analysis of the canine BRCA2, we analyzed the genomic sequences of the exon 27 regions of 30 mammary-tumor-bearing and 21 tumor-free dogs. In addition to 10204ins/delAAA, which is the only polymorphism previously identified for the canine BRCA2 locus, we discovered four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms. The analysis of these five polymorphisms revealed the presence of four allele types. Since 10204ins/delAAA was the most common of the five polymorphisms identified, we developed a PCR-based assay method to assay for this polymorphism. We believe that this method is valuable for loss of heterozygosity analysis of the canine BRCA2 gene in tumor pathogenesis.