Adaptation to bereavement.

Much of the literature on the effects of conjugal bereavement has focused on the detrimental effects of losing a spouse. Although it is very important to be aware of the emotional, physical, and social problems often associated with bereavement, these difficulties are not universal accompaniments of grief. Accumulating evidence suggests that resilience in the face of bereavement is the norm rather than an exception. This article uses a multidimensional model of bereavement adaptation and reviews literature on multiple paths to resilience among bereaved individuals. Each dimension of adaptation is illustrated with quotes from participants of the San Diego Widowhood Study.