Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in transplant recipients.

The incidence of cytomegalovirus CMV pneumonia has been reduced by routine antiviral prophylaxis in susceptible populations. Many of the complications of this infection are caused by indirect effects of the virus, including acute and chronic graft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, and superinfection by other viruses, bacteria and fungi. Distinction must be made between viral secretion and invasion. Invasive procedures are often required for the optimal management of such infections. The use of sensitive and quantitative assays have greatly improved the outcomes of CMV infection.