Immune reconstitution syndrome following initiation of antiretroviral therapy in a patient with HIV infection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Paradoxical exacerbation of the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis may occur not only after antituberculosis therapy, but also soon after the initiation of a potent combination of antiretroviral drugs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serpositive patients with tuberculosis. We report a case of immune reconstitution syndrome in response to antiretroviral therapy in a HIV-positive patient on antituberculosis therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.