Disseminated intravascular coagulation in pediatric patients: clinical and laboratory features and prognostic factors influencing the survival.

Although disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been a well-known disorder for many years, there is lack of sufficient number of clinical trials about incidence, frequency of underlying disorders, and prognosis of DIC in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, etiologic factors, and clinical and laboratory findings of DIC and to determine the prognostic factors influencing the mortality in hospitalized pediatric patients. Medical records of 5535 children who were hospitalized were investigated. Sixty-two patients who were diagnosed as acute DIC were enrolled. The frequency of DIC was 1.12%. The underlying etiologic factors were infection in 59 patients (95.2%) and major trauma in 3 patients (4.8%). The frequency of bleeding and thrombosis was 48.8 and 4.8%. Respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, neurologic, and gastrointestinal dysfunction was present in 71, 67.7, 35.5, 16.1, 16.1 and 11.3% of patients, respectively. Respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunctions were significantly associated with mortality. Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was present in 85.5% of the patients, and 54.8% of the patients had developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mortality rate was significantly high in patients with MODS and ARDS. In multivariete logistic regression analysis, only ARDS and cardiovascular dysfunction had predictive and prognostic value on mortality. None of the diagnostic laboratory tests had predictive or prognostic value and the degree of abnormality of these tests did not show any correlation with mortality. In conclusion, DIC is not a rare disorder in hospitalized children, especially in patients with sepsis, and MODS, ARDS, and respiratory and cardiovascular system dysfunctions are poor prognostic factors.