Analytical solution of a generalized Penna model.

In 1995 Penna introduced a simple model of biological aging. A modified Penna model has been demonstrated to exhibit behavior of real-life systems including catastrophic senescence in salmon and a mortality plateau at advanced ages. We present a general steady-state, analytic solution to the Penna model which is able to deal with arbitrary birth and survivability functions. This solution is employed to solve standard variant Penna models studied by simulation. Different Verhulst factors regulating both the birth rate and external death rate are considered.