Hypogonadism in the man with erectile dysfunction: what to look for and when to treat.

Hypogonadism (low serum testosterone) is commonly associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). However, many urologists may lack appreciation of the relative merits of treating hypogonadism compared with oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors for sexual dysfunction. Testosterone-replacement therapy (TRT) may be the best treatment for men with ED when the presentation includes diminished libido or other sexual symptoms or when non-sexual symptoms such as depressed mood, decreased sense of vitality, and increased fatigue also exist. The health benefits of TRT also include improvements in body composition, bone density, cognition, and sense of well-being. Thus, there may be good reasons to use TRT as first-line therapy for the man with ED. Concerns regarding prostatic and cardiovascular risks of TRT have not been supported by the literature. Nevertheless, men receiving TRT must be monitored at regular intervals with digital rectal examination and blood testing for prostate-specific antigen. Hematocrit or hemoglobin also should be obtained regularly due to the risk of erythrocytosis. Awareness of the benefits of TRT in the man with ED may improve clinical outcomes.