Residency programs for primary care nurse practitioners in federally qualified health centers: a service perspective.

A number of social forces are converging to shape the coming health care and professional practice environment for nurse practitioners (NPs) and the public they serve. Two major innovations of the 1960s, NPs and community health centers, have reached their fourth decade since their inception. These forces have traveled parallel and overlapping paths in their mission to provide high quality health care. Today the current federally qualified community health centers (FQHCs) are a major component of the nation's safety net for the medically underserved, special populations, and the uninsured throughout the United States. Nurse practitioners in the FQHC settings are responsible for highly complex care across lifecycles, with a focus on the treatment and management of disease along with prevention and health promotion. The author suggests that FQHC-based formal residency programs in primary care at either the post-master's or post-doctoral level are the next step in the evolution of both FQHCs and NP preparation. Possible funding mechanisms through changes in federal graduate medical education legislation are explored.