The effect of graft nephrectomy on long-term graft function and survival in kidney retransplantation.

We retrospectively evaluated the long-term results of 53 (3.5%) recipients who received second allograft among 1486 kidney transplants between November 3, 1975 and June 30, 2004. Two study groups were patients in Group 1 (n = 21) who underwent allograft nephrectomy and those in Group 2 (n = 32) who did not. We assessed demographic features, rejection rates throughout the follow-up period, and serum creatinine levels at 12 months as well as graft and patient survival rates, postoperative complications, time interval between transplantations, and HLA matches. Forty-three patients who underwent retransplantation received kidneys from living-related donors and the remaining 10 from cadaveric donors. Mean serum creatinine levels of Group 1 versus Group 2 were 1.8 mg/dL (range, 0.8 to 6.6 mg/dL) versus 2.1 +/- 1.1 mg/dL (range, 1.1 to 7.1 mg/dL). HLA-AB and HLA-DR mismatches were 1.9 +/- 1.1 versus 1 +/- 0.6, respectively (P = .01). Acute rejection rates were not significantly different between Groups 1 (9/21, 43%) and 2 (12/32, 38%) (P < .05). The average intervals between the first and the second transplantations were 62 +/- 26 months in Group 1 (P = .02) and 32 +/- 11 months in Group 2. One-, 3-, and 5-year graft survival rates in Group 1 versus Group 2 were 83% versus 89% (P > .05); 64% versus 79% (P > .05), and 45% versus 68% (P = .04), respectively. In conclusion, we did not observe any advantage of graft nephrectomy before retransplantation. The length of the interval between the first and the second transplantations may have a negative correlation with second graft survival.