Thrombosis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Interaction between thrombosis and inflammation is increasingly recognized. With this, interest has arisen in the role of thrombosis in inflammatory conditions, including the inflammatory bowel diseases. Although the association between active inflammatory bowel disease and thromboembolic complications has long been known, there has been a resurgence in research into the role of thrombosis and the hemostatic system in the pathogenesis of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Here we review the increased frequency of thromboembolic complications occurring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; whether thrombosis might play a part in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease; abnormalities of the coagulation system found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; platelet dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease; the mechanisms by which hemostatic processes might be proinflammatory in inflammatory bowel disease; and how these interactions might impact not only on the prevention of complications, but also on the treatment of the underlying inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.