Minocycline up-regulates BCL-2 levels in mitochondria and attenuates male germ cell apoptosis.

In this study, we determined the efficacy of minocycline, a second generation tetracycline, in preventing male germ cell apoptosis after withdrawal of gonadotropins and intratesticular testosterone (T). Groups of 5 male rats received one of the following treatments daily for 5 days: (i) daily sc injection of GnRH-A (1.6 mg/kg BW), (ii) oral administration of 30% gum acacia as a vehicle control, and (iii) GnRH-A + oral administration of 50 or 100 mg/kg BW of minocycline. Minocycline at both 50 and 100 mg dose levels significantly (P < 0.05) prevented GnRH-A -induced germ cell apoptosis by 59.4% and 62.2%, respectively, and fully prevented PARP cleavage. Minocycline-mediated protection occurred at the mitochondria, involving the restoration of the BCL-2 levels and, in turn, suppression of cytochrome c and DIABLO release. Minocycline was also effective in preventing human male germ cell apoptosis induced by hormone free culture condition.