OBJECTIVE: Standardized mortality rates are elevated in schizophrenia compared to the general population. The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the relative contribution of CHD to increased mortality in schizophrenia patients are not clear, despite recent concerns about metabolic complications of certain atypical antipsychotics. METHOD: Ten-year risk for CHD was calculated for 689 subjects who participated in the Clinical Trials of Antipsychotic Treatment Effectiveness (CATIE) Schizophrenia Trial at baseline using the Framingham CHD risk function and were compared with age-, race- and gender-matched controls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. RESULTS: Ten-year CHD risk was significantly elevated in male (9.4% vs. 7.0%) and female (6.3% vs. 4.2%) schizophrenia patients compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Schizophrenia patients had significantly higher rates of smoking (68% vs. 35%), diabetes (13% vs. 3%), and hypertension (27% vs. 17%) and lower HDL cholesterol levels (43.7 vs. 49.3 mg/dl) compared to controls (p < 0.001). Only total cholesterol levels did not differ between groups. Ten-year CHD risk remained significantly elevated in schizophrenia patients after controlling for body mass index (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with recent evidence of increased cardiac mortality in schizophrenia patients. While the impact of cigarette smoking is clear, the relative contributions to cardiac risk of specific antipsychotic agents, diet, exercise, and quality of medical care remain to be clarified.
OBJECTIVE: Standardized mortality rates are elevated in schizophrenia compared to the general population. The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the relative contribution of CHD to increased mortality in schizophreniapatients are not clear, despite recent concerns about metabolic complications of certain atypical antipsychotics. METHOD: Ten-year risk for CHD was calculated for 689 subjects who participated in the Clinical Trials of Antipsychotic Treatment Effectiveness (CATIE) Schizophrenia Trial at baseline using the Framingham CHD risk function and were compared with age-, race- and gender-matched controls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. RESULTS: Ten-year CHD risk was significantly elevated in male (9.4% vs. 7.0%) and female (6.3% vs. 4.2%) schizophreniapatients compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Schizophreniapatients had significantly higher rates of smoking (68% vs. 35%), diabetes (13% vs. 3%), and hypertension (27% vs. 17%) and lower HDL cholesterol levels (43.7 vs. 49.3 mg/dl) compared to controls (p < 0.001). Only total cholesterol levels did not differ between groups. Ten-year CHD risk remained significantly elevated in schizophreniapatients after controlling for body mass index (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with recent evidence of increased cardiac mortality in schizophreniapatients. While the impact of cigarette smoking is clear, the relative contributions to cardiac risk of specific antipsychotic agents, diet, exercise, and quality of medical care remain to be clarified.
Authors: Marc De Hert; Dan Cohen; Julio Bobes; Marcelo Cetkovich-Bakmas; Stefan Leucht; David M Ndetei; John W Newcomer; Richard Uwakwe; Itsuo Asai; Hans-Jurgen Möller; Shiv Gautam; Johan Detraux; Christoph U Correll Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2011-06 Impact factor: 49.548
Authors: Dawn I Velligan; Desiree Castillo; Linda Lopez; Bren Manaugh; Charlotte Davis; Juanita Rodriguez; A Camis Milam; Albana Dassori; Alexander L Miller Journal: Community Ment Health J Date: 2012-02-16
Authors: Jaana Suvisaari; Jonna Perälä; Samuli I Saarni; Tommi Härkänen; Sami Pirkola; Matti Joukamaa; Seppo Koskinen; Jouko Lönnqvist; Antti Reunanen Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 5.270
Authors: Sarah I Pratt; Stephen J Bartels; Kim T Mueser; John A Naslund; Rosemarie Wolfe; Heather S Pixley; Louis Josephson Journal: Psychiatr Rehabil J Date: 2013-12
Authors: Heidemarie Abrahamian; Alexandra Kautzky-Willer; Angelika Rießland-Seifert; Peter Fasching; Christoph Ebenbichler; Peter Hofmann; Hermann Toplak Journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr Date: 2012-12 Impact factor: 1.704
Authors: Deanna L Kelly; Robert P McMahon; Heidi J Wehring; Fang Liu; Kristen M Mackowick; Douglas L Boggs; Kimberly R Warren; Stephanie Feldman; Joo-Cheol Shim; Raymond C Love; Lisa Dixon Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2009-12-17 Impact factor: 9.306